Morinda citrifolia, commonly recognized as great morinda, Indian mulberry, beach mulberry, Tahitian noni, cheese fruit or noni (from Hawaiian) is a tree in the family Rubiaceae. Morinda citrifolia is native to Southeast Asia but has been extensively spread throughout the Indian subcontinent, Pacific islands, French Polynesia, and recently the Dominican Republic. Tahiti remains the most prominent growing location.
Noni grows in shady forests also as on open rocky or sandy shores. It reaches maturity in about 18 months and then yields between 4-8 kg of berry every month throughout the year. It is tolerant of saline soils, drought conditions, and secondary soils. It is therefore found in a wide variety of habitats: volcanic terrains, lava-strewn coasts, and clearings or limestone outcrops. It can grow up to 9 m tall, and has large, simple, dark green, shiny and deeply veined leaves.
The plant flowers and fruits all year round and produces a small white flower. The berry is a multiple fruit that has a pungent odor when ripening, and is hence also recognized as cheese fruit or even vomit berry. It’s oval and reaches 4-7 cm in size. At first green, the berry turns yellow then almost white as it ripens. It contains many seeds. It’s sometimes called starvation fruit. Despite its strong smell and bitter taste, the fruit is nevertheless eaten as a famine food and, in some Pacific islands, even a staple food, either raw or cooked. Southeast Asians and Australian Aborigines consume the berry raw with salt or cook it with curry. The seeds are edible when roasted.
The noni is especially attractive to weaver ants, which make nests out from the leaves from the tree. These ants protect the plant from some plant-parasitic insects. The smell from the Tahitian Noni fruit also attracts fruit bats, which aid in dispersing the seeds.
Noni Nutrients
The College of Tropical Agriculture, University of Hawaii at Manoa who published analyses of Noni fruit powder and pure Noni juice, reports Noni Juice Benefits nutritional information for Tahitian noni fruit.
Noni Macronutrients
Analyzed being a whole berry powder, Tahitian noni fruit has excellent levels of carbohydrates and dietary fiber, providing 55% and 100% of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), respectively, in a 100 g serving. A good source of protein (12% DRI), Tahitian noni pulp is low in total fats (4% DRI).
These macronutrients evidently reside within the berry pulp, as Tahitian noni juice has sparse amounts of macronutrients.
Noni Micronutrients
The main Noni Juice Benefits micronutrient features of noni pulp powder include exceptional vitamin C content (10x DRI) and substantial amounts of niacin (vitamin B3), iron and potassium. Vitamin A, calcium and sodium are present in moderate amounts.
When Tahitian noni juice alone is analyzed and compared to pulp powder, only vitamin C is retained at a high level, 42% of DRI.
Although the most significant Noni Juice Benefits nutrient feature of noni pulp powder or juice is its high vitamin C content material, this level in the noni juice blend provides only about half the vitamin C of a raw navel orange. Sodium levels within the noni juice blend (about 3% of DRI) are multiples of those in an orange. Although the potassium content material appears relatively high for noni, this total is only about 3% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance and so would not be considered excessive. The noni juice blend is otherwise similar in micronutrient content to a raw orange.
Phytochemicals
The history of published medical research on noni phytochemicals numbers only around a total of 110 reports, which began appearing within the 1950s (searched in September 2008). Just since 2000, over 100 publications on noni are published in medical literature, defining a relatively young study field. Noni study is at a preliminary stage, as it is mainly still in the laboratory as in vitro or basic animal experiments.
Noni fruit contains noni juice benefits phytochemicals for which there are no established DRI values. Examples:
* lignans – a group of phytoestrogens having biological activities shown by in vitro experiments
* oligo- and polysaccharides – long-chain sugar molecules that serve a prebiotic function as dietary fiber fermentable by colonic bacteria, yielding short chain fatty acids with numerous potential health properties not yet defined by scientific study on noni
* flavonoids – phenolic compounds like rutin and asperulosidic acid, common in several Rubiaceae plants
* iridoids – secondary metabolites discovered in numerous plants
* trisaccharide fatty acid esters, “noniosides” – resulting from combination of an alcohol and an acid in noni fruit
* free fatty acids – most prominent in noni fruit are caprylic acid and hexanoic acid, responsible for special pungent (cheese-like) aroma of ripe noni fruit
* scopoletin – may have antibiotic activities; research is preliminary
* catechin and epicatechin
* beta-sitosterol – a plant sterol with potential for anti-cholesterol activity not yet proven in human research
* damnacanthal – a potentially toxic anthraquinone, putatively an inhibitor of HIV viral proteins
* alkaloids – naturally occurring amines from plants. Some internet references mention xeronine or proxeronine as important noni constituents. Nevertheless, as no reports on either of these substances exist in published medical literature, the terms are scientifically unrecognized. Further, chemical analysis of commercially processed liquid did not reveal presence of any alkaloids.
Although there is evidence from in vitro studies and laboratory models for bioactivity of each of the above phytochemicals, the research remains at best preliminary and too early to conclude anything about human health benefits provided by noni or its liquid. Furthermore, these phytochemicals aren’t special to noni, as nearly all exist in numerous plant foods.
Laboratory experiments demonstrated that dietary noni juice elevated physical endurance in mice. A pilot study in distance runners showed elevated endurance capacity following daily intake of noni juice more than three weeks, an effect the authors attributed to elevated antioxidant status.
Uses for Noni Juice
Even though noni’s reputation for uses in folk medicine extends more than centuries, no medical applications as those discussed below have been verified by modern science.
In China, Samoa, Japan, and Tahiti, various parts from the tree (leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, roots) serve as tonics and to contain fever, to treat eye and skin problems, gum and throat difficulties also as constipation, stomach pain, or respiratory difficulties. In Malaysia, heated noni leaves used to the chest are believed to relieve coughs, nausea, or colic.
The noni fruit is taken, in Indochina particularly, for asthma, lumbago, and dysentery. As for external uses, unripe fruits could be pounded, then mixed with salt and applied to cut or broken bones. In Hawaii, ripe fruits are used to draw out pus from an infected boil. The green fruit, leaves and also the root/rhizome have traditionally been utilized to treat menstrual cramps and irregularities, among other symptoms, while the root has also been used to treat urinary difficulties. On this web site you can discover info about acai amazon, acai fruit, aloha noni, antioxidant juice, mangosteen benefits, mangosteen fruit, mangosteen juice, noni 100, noni capsules, noni juice weight loss, noni pacific, noni supplement, organic noni juice, tahiti noni juice, xanthone, xanthones and noni plant.
The bark from the excellent morinda produces a brownish-purplish dye for batik making; on the Indonesian island of Java, the trees are cultivated for this purpose. In Hawaii, yellowish dye is extracted from its root in order to dye cloth. The berry is used as a shampoo in Malaysia, where it is said to be helpful against head lice. See Goji Berry Juice wellness advantages, noni fruit, noni juice scam, noni products, and noni benefits on this web site.
There have been recent applications also for the use of oil from noni seeds. Noni seed oil is abundant in linoleic acid that may have useful noni juice benefits when applied topically on skin, e.g., anti-inflammation, acne reduction, and moisture retention.
from Kauai i Hawaii Travel Tips http://ift.tt/15HFjA5
via Website Design Hawaii #hawaiiwedding
No comments:
Post a Comment